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A neurological demonstration of cognitive interference where reaction time is delayed when the color of ink differs from the written word name.
Discovered in 1935 by psychologist John Ridley Stroop, this phenomenon occurs because reading words is an automatic cognitive process for fluent readers, whereas naming physical ink colors requires controlled attention.
When the word "BLUE" is printed in RED ink, conflicting signals compete in the brain's anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, causing an observable 100–300ms reaction latency delay.
It happens due to speed of processing and automaticity: word reading is faster and more automatic than color identification, creating neural interference.