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A statistical measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values relative to their mean.
Use our verified, free in-browser GPA Calculator to run scenarios and export PDF reports.
A low standard deviation indicates that data points cluster closely around the mean (high consistency), while a high standard deviation indicates that values are spread out over a wider range.
In a standard Gaussian normal distribution, approximately 68.2% of data falls within 1σ, 95.4% within 2σ, and 99.7% within 3σ (the empirical 68-95-99.7 rule).
Population standard deviation formula taking square root of variance.
Individual observed value.
Arithmetic average of all data points.
Total count of observations in dataset.