Physics Optics Simulator

Interactive Ray Optics & Lens Simulator

Experiment with convex and concave thin lenses. Adjust focal length, object distance, and object height to observe real-time ray tracing, image formation, and principal light paths.

Optics Controls

Lens Type

Focal Length (f)150 mm

Object Distance (u)300 mm

Object Height (h)60 mm

Image Characteristics

Image Distance (v)

+300.0 mm

Magnification (m)

-1.00x

Nature:Real Image

Orientation:Inverted (Upside Down)

Relative Size:Same Size

Real-Time Principal Ray Tracing Diagram

Center = Optical Axis (O)

Thin Lens Formula

1/f = 1/v - 1/u

Uses Cartesian sign convention: Object distance u is negative for real objects. f is positive for convex lenses and negative for concave lenses.

Linear Magnification

m = h' / h = v / u

Negative m signifies an inverted (upside down) image, while positive m indicates an upright (erect) virtual image.

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